// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 4)

void vector(int x1, int y1, int x2, 
  int y2, int& rx, int& ry)
{
  rx = x2 - x1;
  ry = y2 - y1;
}
int main()
{
  int x1 = 0, x2 = 0; 
  int y1 = 10, y2 = 20;
  int rx = 0, ry = 0;
  vector(x1, y1, x2, y2, rx, ry);
  cout << rx << " " << ry << "\n";
  return 0;
}







// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 7)

Point vector(Point a, Point b)
  // Point as parameters
{
  Point vecXY;
  vecXY.x = B.x - A.x;
  vecXY.y = B.y ¡V A.y;
  return vecXY; // return a Point
}
int main()
{
  Point a = {0, 0}, b = {10, 20}; 
  Point vecAB = vector(a, b);
  cout << vecAB.x << " "; 
  cout << vecAB.y << "\n";
  return 0; 
}






// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 11)

struct Point {
  int x;
  int y;
  int z;
};
int main() {
  Point A[100];
  for(int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
    A[i] = {i}; 
  for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
    cout << A[i].x << " " << A[i].y 
         << " " << A[i].z << "\n";
  return 0;
}






// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 12)

struct Point
{
  int x;
  int y;	
};
void reflect(Point& a)
{
  int temp = a.x;
  a.x = a.y;
  a.y = temp;
}
int main()
{
  Point a = {10, 20};
  cout << a.x << " " 
       << a.y << "\n";
  reflect(a);
  cout << a.x << " " 
       << a.y << "\n";
  return 0;
}




// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 14)

struct Point {
  int x;
  int y;
};
int main() {
  Point a[10]; 
  cout << sizeof(Point) << " " << sizeof(a) << "\n";
  cout << &a << "\n";
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    cout << &a[i] << " " << &a[i].x << " " << &a[i].y << "\n";
  Point* b = new Point[20];
  cout << sizeof(b) << "\n";
  delete [] b;
  b = NULL;
  return 0;
}






// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 22)

#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  clock_t sTime = clock();
  for(int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++)
    ;
  clock_t eTime = clock();
  
  cout << sTime << " " << eTime << "\n";
  return 0;
}





// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 28)

struct Point
{
  int x;
  int y;
  double distOri()
  {
    return sqrt(pow(x, 2) + pow(y, 2));
  }
}; 

int main()
{
  Point a = {3, 4};
  cout << a.distOri(); 
  return 0;
}






// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 29)

struct Point
{
  int x;
  int y;
  double distOri();
}; 
double Point::distOri() // scope resolution
{                       // is required
  return sqrt(pow(x, 2) + pow(y, 2));
}







// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 32)

struct Point
{
  int x;
  int y;	
  void reflect();
  void print();
};
void Point::reflect()
{
  int temp = x;
  x = y;
  y = temp;
}
void Point::print()
{
  cout << x << " " << y << "\n";
}
int main()
{
  Point a = {10, 20};
  Point b = {5, 2};
  a.print();
  b.print();
  a.reflect();
  a.print();
  b.print();
  return 0;
}






// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 37)

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  int rn = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
  {
    rn = rand();
    cout << rn << " ";
  }	
  return 0;
}





// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 39)

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
  srand(0);
  int rn = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
  {
    rn = rand();
    cout << rn << " ";
  }	
  return 0;
}






// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 41)

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  srand(time(nullptr)); // good
  int rn = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
  {
    rn = rand();
    cout << rn << " ";
  }
  return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  int rn = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
  {
    srand(time(nullptr)); // bad
    rn = rand();
    cout << rn << " ";
  }
  return 0;
}






// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 42)

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  srand(time(0)); 
  int rn = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
  {
    rn = ((rand() % 10)) + 100;
    cout << rn << " ";
  }
  return 0;
}

rn = (static_cast<double>(rand() % 501)) / 100;







// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 43)

struct Randomizer
{
  int a;
  int b;
  int c;
  int cur;
  int rand();
};
int Randomizer::rand()
{
  cur = (a * cur + b) % c;
  return current;
}





// ============================================
// Self-defined data types (p. 44)

int main()
{
  Randomizer r1 = {10, 4, 31, 0};
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    cout << r1.rand() << " ";
  cout << "\n";
  Randomizer r2 = {10, 7, 32, 0};
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    cout << r2.rand() << " ";
  return 0;
}